The Interaction research area investigates the behavioral mechanisms that enable individuals to coordinate actions and adapt to social and physical environments, and how much they are conserved in the interaction with robots. Research integrates cognitive neuroscience, psychology, and computational modelling to understand how interaction and cooperation emerge form shared attention, multisensory integration, and dynamic synchronization across individuals. Experimental paradigms range from controlled laboratory studies to ecologically valid scenarios involving dyadic interactions between humans and human-robot interaction. Particular focus is placed on goal-directed attention, cognitive control, sense of agency and sense of joint agency, joint action, adaptation to cognitive load, including adaptation to the cognitive load of partner, and social synchronization. Insights from human cognitive mechanisms as well as human–human interaction inform the design of adaptive artificial agents capable of anticipating user behavior and supporting natural collaboration, advancing human-centered technologies and cooperative intelligence.